高考英語單項選擇題解題策略與技巧(2)
2011-03-21 16:18:52紫山冰露的博客
（二）剖析題干法
剖析題干法是指準(zhǔn)確把握題干的主旨大意，揣摩出命題人想考查哪個或哪些語法或詞語知識，綜合利用題干中的已知信息，由已知信息判斷出語句空缺處隱藏的正確詞語，這就要求我們要有敏銳的觀察力和細(xì)致的分析問題的能力。因此，答題時必須注重對題干中隱性信息的捕捉，而且，題干中所包含的多個信息對解題的引導(dǎo)效度并不完全相等，所以，我們在做題時就要做到把引導(dǎo)效度最大的語言信息與語句空缺處的隱性信息聯(lián)系起來，確保我們選出正確的答案。
例題1：
— Is that the small town you often refer to?
— Right, just the one ________ you know I used to work for years.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
答案：C。看到這道題，稍具一定語法知識的人都知道是在考查定語從句的語法知識，但稍微一有疏忽大意，就會錯選答案A或B。如果細(xì)心一些，完整分析全句，就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)這個從句中缺少的是用作地點(diǎn)狀語的關(guān)系副詞。如果錯以為該定語從句是由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的(由于題干中的you know其了干擾作用)，那么I used to work 放在從句里應(yīng)作何解釋。而且，如果用關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo)那個定語從句，A和B豈不都成了正確答案。
例題2：
Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
A. work B. working C. is working D. are working
想想看，答案為什么是C。
例題3：
With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ each year.
A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away
想想看，答案為什么是B。
（三）結(jié)構(gòu)還原法
結(jié)構(gòu)還原是指把主從復(fù)合句還原為兩個或幾個簡單句，把疑問句還原為陳述句，把強(qiáng)調(diào)句式或倒裝句式還原為普通句式，把省略句補(bǔ)充完整，把被動結(jié)構(gòu)還原為主動結(jié)構(gòu)等。
例題1：
If a shop has chairs ________ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
答案：D。此題是一個包含由women做主語的主句,并包含有由從屬連詞“If” 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句和關(guān)系副詞 “where” 引導(dǎo)的定語從句在內(nèi)的一個主從復(fù)合句。把它們分解為三個簡單句，即：(If) a shop has chairs. Women can park their men there(on the chairs). They(the women) will spend more time in the shops。就很容易看出，其中兩個簡單句的重疊部分是表地點(diǎn)的chairs,用where引導(dǎo)定語從句，相當(dāng)于on which，這樣一來，找出正確答案就很容易了。
例題2：
— ________ that he managed to get the information?
— — Oh, a friend of his helped him.
A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it
想想看，答案為什么是C。
例題3：
Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which ________ the Pacific, and we met no storm.
A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called
想想看，答案為什么是B。
