2017高考必備：高中化學方程式合集(4)
2016-09-13 14:03:14高三網
水解反應方程式
1、單水解---可逆水解
NH4Cl+H2ONH3??H2O+HClNH4++H2OH++NH3??H2O
FeCl3+3H2OFe(OH)3+3HClFe3++3H2OFe(OH)3+3H+
AlCl3+3H2OAl(OH)3+3HClAl3++3H2OAl(OH)3+3H+
CuSO4+2H2OCu(OH)2+H2SO4(金屬活動順序表中Mg2+以后的陽離子均水解)
NaHCO3+H2OH2CO3+NaOH(NaHSO4不水解，NaHSO3電離大于水解)
Na2CO3+H2ONaHCO3+NaOHCO32-+H2OHCO3-+OH–
NaHCO3+H2OH2CO3+NaOH(第一步遠遠大于第二步，二步不能疊加)
Na2SO3+H2ONaHSO3+NaOHSO32-+H2OHSO3-+OH–
NaHSO3+H2OH2SO3+NaOH(第一步遠遠大于第二步，二步不能疊加)
HSO3-+H2OH2SO3+OH-
Na2S+H2ONaHS+NaOHS2-+H2OHS-+OH–
NaHS+H2OH2S+NaOH(第一步遠遠大于第二步，二步不能疊加)
HS-+H2OH2S+OH-
Na3PO4+H2ONa2HPO4+NaOHPO43-+H2OHPO42-+OH–
Na2HPO4+H2ONaH2PO4+NaOHHPO42-+H2OH2PO4-+OH–
NaH2PO4+H2OH3PO4+NaOHH2PO4-+H2OH3PO4+OH–
CH3COONa+H2OCH3COOH+NaOHCH3COO-+H2OCH3COOH+OH–
C6H5ONa+H2OC6H5OH+NaOHC6H5O-+H2OC6H5OH+OH–
2、雙水解
CH3COONH4+H2OCH3COOH+NH3??H2O
NH4F+H2OHF+NH3??H2O
Al2S3+6H2O==Al(OH)3↓+H2S↑(隔絕空氣，密封保存)
Mg3N2+6H2O==Mg(OH)2↓+NH3↑(隔絕空氣，密封保存)
Na3P+3H2O==3NaOH+PH3↑(隔絕空氣，密封保存)
Zn3P2+6H2O==Zn(OH)2↓+PH3↑(Zn3P2一種老鼠藥，PH3劇毒神經毒劑)
CaC2+2H2O==Ca(OH)3↓+C2H2↑(隔絕空氣，密封保存)
C2H5ONa+H2O==C2H5OH+NaOH
